Macroeconomic Insights: Italy and Spain CPI: Unpacking Energy

Understanding how energy costs feed into CPI is crucial for accurately interpreting headline inflation in Europe. Both Spain and Italy offer unique case studies of how specific retail energy series can serve as clean, forward-looking indicators of CPI dynamics. By...

Macroeconomic Insights: South Africa CPI – Inflation and the Rand

Currently, the SARB has revised its forecasts downwards in response to rand appreciation and weaker economic growth. In contrast, Turnleaf’s model paints a more optimistic picture of growth, while also acknowledging that underlying price pressures are easing. A...

Macroeconomic Insights: Romania CPI Runs Hot 

The recent surprise increase in electricity prices in Romania has pushed inflation close to 8%YoY. As Romania begins to rollback inflation fighting policies in the next couple of months, Turnleaf expects inflation to remain hot through July-2026 once base-effects are...